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Peer-reviewed research (Duke University, Tsukuba)
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2 international patents (Nemesysco Ltd.)
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Deployed in 40+ countries worldwide
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Certified Dutch operators
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100% confidential & GDPR-compliant

Layered Voice Analysis
LVA™

Layered Voice Analysis (LVA™) is a breakthrough technology developed by Israeli company Nemesysco, founded in 1997 by Amir Liberman. Unlike the traditional polygraph test — which measures skin resistance, blood pressure and breathing — LVA analyses the voice alone.

The human speech process is one of the most complex actions the body performs: lungs, vocal cords, tongue, teeth and lips work together under orchestration by the brain. When someone lies or experiences emotional tension, that orchestration changes in a subliminal, uncontrollable way.

LVA detects more than 150 voice parameters per speech segment — including frequency patterns entirely new to phonetics — and classifies them into 14 emotional dimensions. The system is language-independent: it analyses how someone speaks, not what they say.

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Not "micro-tremor analysis" LVA differs fundamentally from outdated VSA systems (Voice Stress Analysis). It does not perform 8–14 Hz micro-tremor analysis and works reliably over phone and standard microphones — regardless of recording conditions.
The Emotional Diamond™ model
ENERGIE STRESS LOGICA & ZEKER HEID EMO TIE PASSION MOEITE UNREST FOCUS

The Emotional Diamond™ visualises 8 of the 14 emotional dimensions that LVA detects in real time. The position and size of the profile shifts with each answer.

The science behind the analysis

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Neurophysiological basis

When speaking, the brain simultaneously orchestrates dozens of muscle groups. Cognitive processes such as concealing information increase mental load measurably — and this leaks unconsciously into the voice.

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150+ vocal parameters

LVA7 CORE extracts over 150 parameters per speech segment via 3 base formulas: frequency modulations, energy levels, temporal patterns and statistically anomalous deviations from the individual baseline.

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Homeostasis analysis

Every individual has a unique emotional baseline. LVA does not detect "lies" as such, but sharp deviations from that baseline — regardless of nationality, language or gender.

Real-time & offline

Analysis takes place in real-time during the interview and retrospectively on recordings. Both modes yield independent datasets combined by the operator in the final report.

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Language-independent

LVA analyses pure vocal patterns, not semantic content. The method works identically in Dutch, English, Arabic, Chinese or any other language — validated in 40+ countries.

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Two international patents

The core algorithms are protected by two international patents held by Nemesysco Ltd. Remaining internal processes are proprietary trade secrets.

How does the lie detection test work?

A professional test is a carefully structured forensic investigation. Each step is designed to maximise the quality of the analysis and give the test subject a fair process.

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Intake & Question formulation
Extensive intake interview. Together we determine the exact research questions — legally defensible, precise and unambiguous.
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Preparation & Calibration
The test subject signs a consent form. Calibration phase establishes the individual baseline level.
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LVA Voice Analysis
Structured interview with pre-determined questions. LVA analyses in real-time. Fully recorded for offline re-analysis.
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Data interpretation
Certified operator combines real-time and offline results. All 14 emotional dimensions are analysed per question.
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Report
Professional report with Emotional Diamond profiles, statistical conclusions and recommendations. Deliverable as PDF or legal dossier.
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Legal status in the Netherlands A lie detection test is not legally required in the Netherlands and the results are not automatically admissible as evidence in criminal proceedings. They are however used in civil proceedings, employment disputes, private investigations and as a supplementary investigative tool by law enforcement. Our certified operators advise you on the legally correct application in your specific situation.

Who is the lie detection test for?

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Employers & HR

Fraud investigations, workplace theft, integrity issues, screening for sensitive positions and internal investigations following incidents.

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Legal & Law firms

Supplementary evidence in civil proceedings, divorce cases, maintenance disputes and criminal defence.

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Private individuals

Relationship problems, suspected infidelity, family disputes over inheritance or property where mutual trust needs to be restored.

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Government & Security

Security screenings, integrity tests for civil servants, supplementary tool in interviews and criminal investigations.

What exactly is a lie? 10 types we distinguish

In fact, no machine can detect lies — a machine does not understand what a lie is. To determine what needs to be measured, it is important to first understand exactly what a lie is. At LeugenAcademie we distinguish 10 different types of lies. Knowing the type of lie you are looking for is decisive in formulating the right test questions.

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1. The complete lie

A deliberate, complete untruth where the speaker knows the statement is factually incorrect. The most recognisable category, but not the most common.

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2. The half-truth

Part of the truth is told, while essential information is deliberately omitted. Technically not untrue, but deliberately misleading.

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3. Deception through vagueness

Answers are phrased so generally or ambiguously that they allow multiple interpretations. LVA detects the deliberate imprecision in the wording.

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4. The deflection

The speaker answers a different question than asked, or steers the conversation in another direction. A classic tactic in interrogations and media appearances.

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5. Deliberate withholding of information

Relevant information is not voluntarily shared, without being directly asked. LVA explicitly measures whether someone is consciously withholding information.

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6. The rationalisation lie

The speaker has convinced themselves that the untruth is justified ("it's for their own good"). The emotional charge is therefore different.

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7. Memory manipulation

"I don't remember" as a deliberate strategy. LVA distinguishes authentic memory loss from a deliberate avoidance strategy.

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8. The inaccuracy

Facts are deliberately presented somewhat differently or more extremely than they are — exaggeration or understatement with misleading intent.

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9. The white lie

Lies primarily intended to spare the other person or salvage a social situation. Lower stress response due to reduced emotional loading.

10. The spontaneous lie

Unpremeditated, impulsive lying without forethought. Recognisable by specific timing and energy patterns in the voice that LVA detects.

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Why this is so important for the test Knowing exactly which type of lie you are looking for determines the questioning technique, the test structure and the interpretation of results. Our certified operators guide you during the intake in correctly formulating your research questions — this is the most decisive step for the quality of the outcome.

What does LVA™ actually measure?

The question "does LVA measure lies?" deserves a scientifically honest answer: no — no machine measures lies. LVA measures something more fundamental: deviations from individual emotional equilibrium (homeostasis) at the moment of speaking.

When someone deliberately deceives, the brain activates a complex set of cognitive processes that run simultaneously: retrieving the false information, monitoring its consistency, tracking the conversation partner's reaction, and suppressing the truth. This measurably increases cognitive load — and that leaks, unconsciously and uncontrollably, into the voice.

In addition to possible deception, LVA also measures:

  • Deliberate withholding of information — someone knows more than they say
  • Uncertainty — the speaker is not sure of their own answer
  • Inaccuracy — deliberate exaggeration or understatement
  • Cognitive overload — the question requires abnormally intensive processing
  • Emotional sensitivity — the subject touches a sensitive nerve
  • Energy level and passion — degree of involvement in the answer
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The "open question" advantage of LVA over the polygraph In a polygraph test, the subject must answer only "yes" or "no". LVA analyses full sentences — producing richer, more naturalistically obtained data. An answer like "No, I had not been with her without my wife being there" yields a separate LVA score for each clause. This lets you see exactly which part of the answer shows the deviation.
LVA™ Analysis output per speech segment
ENERGIE72%
STRESS88%
LOGIC & CONFIDENCE31%
EMOTION65%
PASSION44%
MENTAL LOAD91%
CONCENTRATION58%
UNREST77%
▲ Simulated example of an LVA reading under high cognitive load. High stress + low confidence + high mental load = characteristic pattern for deliberate deception.

LVA™ vs. traditional truth verification methods

Why are professionals increasingly choosing LVA voice analysis over the classic polygraph method?

Feature LVA™ Voice Analysis Polygraph test Cognitive interview
Invasiveness Non-invasive (voice only) Electrodes, cuff, sensors Non-invasive
Remote analysis (phone/recording) Fully possible Physical presence required Limited
Language dependency Fully language-independent Language-free Highly language-dependent
Validated accuracy 94–98% (peer-reviewed) 80–90% (context-dependent) Methodological
Real-time operator feedback Live Emotional Diamond Visual graph readout Not applicable
Scientifically peer-reviewed 15+ international publications Extensive Extensive
Countermeasures by test subject Very difficult to manipulate Known countermeasures exist Partial
Emotional Diamond profile 14 dimensions, per question Not available Not available

International peer-reviewed research

LVA technology has been the subject of extensive scientific research by independent universities and institutions worldwide. Below is a selection of published research supporting the reliability and validity of the technology.

2022
Forensic Psychological Study: Detection of Deception in Financial Fraud Calls
International Journal of Indian Psychology
Conclusion: LVA is the most effective technology for analysing human emotions via vocal parameters in financial fraud calls.
2021
How Vocal Tones Impact Persuasion
Journal of Consumer Research (JCR)
Two controlled experiments demonstrate that LVA parameters (focus, stress, emotion) have predictive value for the outcome of persuasion attempts and funding decisions.
2012
Analyzing Speech to Detect Financial Misreporting
Journal of Accounting Research (Vol. 50, Issue 2)
Vocal dissonance markers of CEOs during earnings calls correlate significantly with financial misreporting — LVA detects this reliably without knowledge of the content.
2012
The Power of Voice: Managerial Affective States and Future Firm Performance
The Journal of Finance (Vol. 67) · Duke University Fuqua School
Managers' emotional states — measured via LVA during conference calls — are statistically significantly predictive of future company performance.
2012
Vocal Analysis Software for Security Screening: Validity and Deception Detection
Homeland Security Affairs Journal · DHS Centers of Excellence
Research into the reliability and validity of vocal analysis software in real security screening contexts — with emphasis on LVA's performance in high-stakes environments.
2010
"Voice Lie Detector" Utilization Research · South Korean Police
Korean Journal of Polygraph
Comparative study between polygraph test (Seoul Metropolitan Police) and LVA 6.50. Results show strong concordance in the classification of NDI/DI/INC outcomes.
2008
Reliability and Validity of LVA for Detection of Mental Stress
Seishin Igaku (Psychiatry) Magazine · Universiteit van Tsukuba, Japan
Clinical psychiatric research confirms the reliability and validity of LVA in detecting mental stress indicators in a controlled medical setting.
2001
Forensic Criminology and Psychophysiology: Truth Verification Tools
CRIMSA · Crime Research in South Africa (Vol. 2, Issue 1)
Early external validation research establishes accuracy at 94%–98% — "high and more than satisfactory (even excellent) for a CVSA system."

Everything you want to know about the lie detection test

Scientifically minded clients ask the right questions. Below you will find comprehensive, honest answers — including to the critical questions.


Ask your question directly

LVA voice analysis scores 94–98% accuracy in peer-reviewed research (CRIMSA, 2001; AFRL, 2002). The technology does not detect "lies" as a binary category, but measures deviations from the individual emotional baseline (homeostasis) — a neurophysiological fact, not interpretation.

A polygraph test measures physiological reactions via electrodes: skin conductance, blood pressure and breathing — requiring physical presence. LVA voice analysis only requires a voice recording, by phone, recording or in person. LVA is non-invasive, language-independent and analyses 150+ voice parameters that are far harder to consciously manipulate.

LVA analyses parameters that are partly unconscious and uncontrollable — particularly the neuro-motor coordination of speech production. Known polygraph countermeasures have no demonstrable effect on LVA parameters. That said: no method is 100% foolproof.

A full test has three phases: (1) Intake and preparation: approx. 30–45 minutes. (2) Calibration and test: 45–90 minutes depending on number of questions. (3) Data processing and report: 1–3 working days depending on chosen package.

Yes, always. Explicit, informed consent is required under GDPR. The test subject signs a detailed consent form before the test begins. Hidden recordings or analyses without consent are legally prohibited and ethically indefensible.

In the Netherlands, LVA results are not automatically admissible as evidence in criminal proceedings. They are regularly used in civil proceedings, employment law, family law and as supplementary forensic evidence. We always advise consulting a lawyer regarding the specific legal application.

Yes — this is one of LVA's greatest advantages. Analysis can be performed on phone recordings, video conferences or existing audio recordings. The technology is validated for use with standard microphones and over telephone lines.

All processed audio data, test results and personal data are handled in accordance with GDPR. Data is used exclusively to fulfil the assignment and destroyed after completion in accordance with legal retention periods.

The lie detection test — three levels

All test packages include the complete LVA™ voice analysis, intake, test administration by a certified operator and a verbal result. The only difference is the number of questions.

Would you also like a written report? Then choose a report package as an addition — see further down this page.

Budget test
495 ex. btw
€ 598,95 inclusief btw
MAXIMUM 10 QUESTIONS
  • Full LVA™ voice analysis
  • Intake & question formulation
  • Calibration phase (baseline measurement)
  • Real-time voice analysis monitoring
  • Verbal feedback on results
  • Suitable for single-issue cases
  • Written report: optional
Request
Extended test
695 ex. btw
€ 840,95 inclusief btw
MORE THAN 20 QUESTIONS
  • Full LVA™ voice analysis
  • Extended intake & question formulation
  • Calibration phase (baseline measurement)
  • Real-time voice analysis monitoring
  • In-depth offline re-analysis
  • Verbal feedback on results
  • Suitable for complex / legal cases
  • Written report: optional
Request
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Discount for multiple tests Taking multiple tests at once? The discount is calculated automatically before checkout. Contact us for a custom offer for organisations, HR departments or legal firms.

Written report — if you wish

By default you will receive a verbal result from the certified operator after the test. If you also want a professional written report — for example for a legal file, HR procedure or personal archive — choose one of the report packages below as an addition to your test.

Budget report
150 ex. btw
€ 181,50 inclusief btw
  • Concise written report
  • Conclusion per research question
  • Stress reaction overview per question
  • Statistical appendices
  • Extended legal dossier
Add on
Standard report
200 ex. btw
€ 242,00 inclusief btw
  • Extended written report
  • Conclusion per research question
  • Emotional profile per question block
  • Statistical substantiation of results
  • Full legal dossier
Add on
Extended report
250 ex. btw
€ 302,50 inclusief btw
  • Complete forensic report
  • Conclusion per research question
  • Extended emotional profile per question
  • Full statistical appendices
  • Suitable as legal court dossier
Add on
Example calculation
Standard test (max 20 questions) + Extended report
€ 595,– + € 250,– = € 845,– ex. btw  ·  € 1.022,45 incl. btw
Book now

Prices exclude any travel costs for on-site testing outside the office (Nieuwerkerk a/d IJssel). Custom pricing available for organisations and multiple test subjects. Contact us for a no-obligation quote.

Book a test or request information?

Our team of certified LVA operators is available for a no-obligation consultation. We will help you determine which test configuration best suits your specific situation.

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Telefoon +31 (0)10 6 69 02 04
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Mobiel +31 (0)6 52 38 04 18
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Locatie Hoogeveenenweg 100, 2913 LV Nieuwerkerk a/d IJssel
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Confidential & GDPR-compliant All communication and data processing take place in accordance with the General Data Protection Regulation. Your information is never shared with third parties.
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